In addition, using noble metals as electrocatalysts also causes the cost to be unnecessarily high. However, the use of single noble metal electrocatalyst is limited due to atomic aggregation caused by its inherent high surface energy, which results in poor structural stability, and, hence, poor electrocatalytic performance and long-term stability. Noble metals have been used extensively as electrocatalysts due to their high activity and low overpotentials. The efficiency of hydrogen gas generation via electrochemical water splitting has been mostly limited by the availability of electrocatalyst materials that require lower overpotentials during the redox reaction. The reused bio-nanocomposite was also characterized through FESEM technique. Eco-friendly protocol in the absence of hazardous solvents, no observation of by-products such as bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs), in addition to recovery and reusability of the nanostructure within 3 runs without activity loss are some highlighted notable features of the work. The catalytic activity of the core–shell nanostructure was examined in one-pot three-component reaction between aryl aldehydes, indoles, and β-naphthol/phenols to get some new 3-(α,α-diarylmethyl)indoles under solvent-free conditions at 75 ☌. The bio-nanocomposite was characterized by several techniques such as FT-IR, FESEM, TGA/DTG, EDAX, TEM, VSM, and XRD. At first, the amino acid-based ionic liquid was obtained from L-histidine and trichloroacetic acid (L–His⁺CCl3CO2⁻), embedded on the polyethylene glycol-functionalized silicated-nanomagnetite, to prepare the final nanostructure Fe3O4). In this research, a new multilayered magnetized bio-nanocomposite has been prepared.

Core shell nanostructures